pomegranate pomegranate production of dry rot is the main disease. Pomegranate ginger producing areas in recent years in Linyi County increasing trend year by year, the general occurrence of diseased fruits year rate of 6% ~ 14.4%, severe 31.7%, and rainy year rate of disease more than 50% fruit production in the spraying of the Fungicides are not effective. In 2003, we have the disease occurrence and control techniques were studied, are summarized below.
1. Symptoms
disease primarily affecting the fruit,nhl hockey, but also infect flower, fruit sets and shoots.
flower victims: the bud stage to the disease, victims petals brown, continue to expand to the sepals, receptacle, calyx, early on victims of depression, a small dark brown oval spots, shiny; also available in the flower or distal to the lesion produced torso. Gradually expanded into a light brown,mac brushes, tissue decay, post-surface black specks, the spores device.
fruit victims: the young fruit generally occurs in the lower calyx irregular light brown lesions on bean size, and gradually extended to four weeks to form the middle dark brown, light brown edges, sunken lesion boundaries are not clear, one week after onset of disease from the first part of successive produce dense black specks out, the seeds inside the fruit stiff, diaphragm and other parts of the black particles are visible. Fruit brown rot fruit water loss was stiff, young fruit fall off early after victims, when the fruit a long illness Fruit large to Qicheng not fall off, dry compressed into stiff after hanging fruit on the shoot.
shoot victims: the fruit sets, shoot site tissue browning incidence, the surface of black specks.
2. Pathogens and disease law
pomegranate dry rot pathogen Amon is imperfect fungi, fresh shell spp fungi. Conidia spherical or flat ball control, spores diamond, yellow, often glued together with mucus. Stiff hyphae on fruit the following year in mid-April to generate new spores before and after the device is the source of infection disease.
pomegranate dry rot bacteria to hyphae or spores in the stiff fruit, disease and illness Taiwan branch winter fruit to fruit, fruit higher carrier rate of Taiwan, which is both a source of initial infection is another source of infection. Bacteria results in the disease, disease depends mainly on the branches after winter storms spread from the wounds or natural openings host invasion. Under the proper conditions, can be repeated several times to form conidia infection, the general incidence of initiation in mid-June, mid August to mature before the onset of the peak of the dry rot sooner or later, weight and temperature and humidity, rainfall , pests and other factors are closely related. 24 ~ 28 ℃ temperature when the onset of the rain,vibram 5 fingers, the event 1 month before harvest rainy the outbreak, 3 to 5 days to form a lesion the size of walnuts to the eggs, generally more than the lower part of calyx tube and paste the fruit surface leaves at the first onset.
3. Control methods
(1) clear the infection source, air and light conditions to improve tree
promptly after harvest, fruit picking Abstract stiff, deep concentration. Winter pruning diseased branches and remove residual disease units, focus on burning to clear bacteria source.
pruning is necessary to fully deal with the upper and the lower, outer and inner wall and the relationship between the main branch of the same layer. Control less than 2 meters height, crown diameter of less than tree height, so that flow between the lines, branches do not transfer, all left main branch of the tree 5 to 8, the angle should be opened to 60 ~ 70 °, and from the bottom up to gradually reduced the main branches and development, pruning, in addition to pest Thinning branches, thin branches, we must also focus on Thinning dense crowd, and Health and overlapping branches, under the shadow of sunny days to reach 40% of the crown as the standard, so that the fruits of the whole crown air and light direction, and timely removal of fruit surface in the growing season, leaf paste.
(2) increased tree vigor, improve disease resistance of the tree
per plant per year in the post-harvest quality of manure applied 50 to 80 kg, and mixed with 1.0 kg superphosphate , dug in the outer crown 80 to 100 centimeters long, 40 cm wide, 30 cm deep into the arc of Summer,mac makeup, 3 April the following year topdressing of urea per plant + 0.5 kg superphosphate three materials (including P2O5 46%) 0.25 kg + potassium sulfate (including K2O50%) 0.25 kg. Combined with spraying several Yemianpenfei, to nitrogen-based pre-flowering and young fruit during the interval of 20 days, twice in a row of rare earth nitrate spraying 1000 times, improve stress resistance, the latter mainly by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, After harvest, a 0.5% urea spray, delay leaf senescence, increased nutrient storage capacity of the tree. Timely watering the growing season to meet the tree and fruit growth to water needs, improve tree resistance to disease, may play a role in preventing cracking.
distinguished after budding tubular flowers (male) and the bell-shaped flowers (female flowers), the bell-shaped flowers most of Thinning to reduce unnecessary consumption of nutrients, pests Thinning fruit after fruit set Late results in the fruit and two small fruit, adjusting load, to avoid too many results caused by tree condition weakened.
growing season, pest control spraying time, so that leaves, shoot and fruit from pests and reduce the entrance of bacteria disseminated, and do a good job of early leaf disease control, in order to maintain good tree vigor, and enhance the tree resistance to disease.
(3) timely bagging protection
early bagging a great influence on the results of large and small. In late June after the fruit diameter of 6 cm above the jet 800 times a 50% Carbendazim + rare-earth nitrate fertilizer put on paper in time after 1000 times, solid bag, bagging Chu dry rot control, but also and anti-scab and can be DICHOCROCIS, and can play the role of increased fruit surface finish.
(4) chemical control
the bud before the whole tree spray 1 1% copper sulfate liquid, growing season combined with pest control, before and after flowering, flowers 1 50% of the spraying Carbendazim WP 800 times +20% Fenvalerate 70% EC 3000 times or 800 times thiophanate-methyl WP 1500 times +4.5% cypermethrin. Spray in early June high of 10% water dispersible granule World 2000 times +20% fenpropathrin EC 2000 times, spraying in early July triacetate 90% aluminum phosphate WP 600 times, in late July to early August 1000 times 70% thiophanate-methyl spray Tai Sang M 45 1000 + times, in late August to early September 1:1:180 Bordeaux mixture spraying. Bags of fruit and then promptly sprayed Abstract fosetyl aluminum 90% +50% Carbendazim 600 times 800 times.
1. Symptoms
disease primarily affecting the fruit,nhl hockey, but also infect flower, fruit sets and shoots.
flower victims: the bud stage to the disease, victims petals brown, continue to expand to the sepals, receptacle, calyx, early on victims of depression, a small dark brown oval spots, shiny; also available in the flower or distal to the lesion produced torso. Gradually expanded into a light brown,mac brushes, tissue decay, post-surface black specks, the spores device.
fruit victims: the young fruit generally occurs in the lower calyx irregular light brown lesions on bean size, and gradually extended to four weeks to form the middle dark brown, light brown edges, sunken lesion boundaries are not clear, one week after onset of disease from the first part of successive produce dense black specks out, the seeds inside the fruit stiff, diaphragm and other parts of the black particles are visible. Fruit brown rot fruit water loss was stiff, young fruit fall off early after victims, when the fruit a long illness Fruit large to Qicheng not fall off, dry compressed into stiff after hanging fruit on the shoot.
shoot victims: the fruit sets, shoot site tissue browning incidence, the surface of black specks.
2. Pathogens and disease law
pomegranate dry rot pathogen Amon is imperfect fungi, fresh shell spp fungi. Conidia spherical or flat ball control, spores diamond, yellow, often glued together with mucus. Stiff hyphae on fruit the following year in mid-April to generate new spores before and after the device is the source of infection disease.
pomegranate dry rot bacteria to hyphae or spores in the stiff fruit, disease and illness Taiwan branch winter fruit to fruit, fruit higher carrier rate of Taiwan, which is both a source of initial infection is another source of infection. Bacteria results in the disease, disease depends mainly on the branches after winter storms spread from the wounds or natural openings host invasion. Under the proper conditions, can be repeated several times to form conidia infection, the general incidence of initiation in mid-June, mid August to mature before the onset of the peak of the dry rot sooner or later, weight and temperature and humidity, rainfall , pests and other factors are closely related. 24 ~ 28 ℃ temperature when the onset of the rain,vibram 5 fingers, the event 1 month before harvest rainy the outbreak, 3 to 5 days to form a lesion the size of walnuts to the eggs, generally more than the lower part of calyx tube and paste the fruit surface leaves at the first onset.
3. Control methods
(1) clear the infection source, air and light conditions to improve tree
promptly after harvest, fruit picking Abstract stiff, deep concentration. Winter pruning diseased branches and remove residual disease units, focus on burning to clear bacteria source.
pruning is necessary to fully deal with the upper and the lower, outer and inner wall and the relationship between the main branch of the same layer. Control less than 2 meters height, crown diameter of less than tree height, so that flow between the lines, branches do not transfer, all left main branch of the tree 5 to 8, the angle should be opened to 60 ~ 70 °, and from the bottom up to gradually reduced the main branches and development, pruning, in addition to pest Thinning branches, thin branches, we must also focus on Thinning dense crowd, and Health and overlapping branches, under the shadow of sunny days to reach 40% of the crown as the standard, so that the fruits of the whole crown air and light direction, and timely removal of fruit surface in the growing season, leaf paste.
(2) increased tree vigor, improve disease resistance of the tree
per plant per year in the post-harvest quality of manure applied 50 to 80 kg, and mixed with 1.0 kg superphosphate , dug in the outer crown 80 to 100 centimeters long, 40 cm wide, 30 cm deep into the arc of Summer,mac makeup, 3 April the following year topdressing of urea per plant + 0.5 kg superphosphate three materials (including P2O5 46%) 0.25 kg + potassium sulfate (including K2O50%) 0.25 kg. Combined with spraying several Yemianpenfei, to nitrogen-based pre-flowering and young fruit during the interval of 20 days, twice in a row of rare earth nitrate spraying 1000 times, improve stress resistance, the latter mainly by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, After harvest, a 0.5% urea spray, delay leaf senescence, increased nutrient storage capacity of the tree. Timely watering the growing season to meet the tree and fruit growth to water needs, improve tree resistance to disease, may play a role in preventing cracking.
distinguished after budding tubular flowers (male) and the bell-shaped flowers (female flowers), the bell-shaped flowers most of Thinning to reduce unnecessary consumption of nutrients, pests Thinning fruit after fruit set Late results in the fruit and two small fruit, adjusting load, to avoid too many results caused by tree condition weakened.
growing season, pest control spraying time, so that leaves, shoot and fruit from pests and reduce the entrance of bacteria disseminated, and do a good job of early leaf disease control, in order to maintain good tree vigor, and enhance the tree resistance to disease.
(3) timely bagging protection
early bagging a great influence on the results of large and small. In late June after the fruit diameter of 6 cm above the jet 800 times a 50% Carbendazim + rare-earth nitrate fertilizer put on paper in time after 1000 times, solid bag, bagging Chu dry rot control, but also and anti-scab and can be DICHOCROCIS, and can play the role of increased fruit surface finish.
(4) chemical control
the bud before the whole tree spray 1 1% copper sulfate liquid, growing season combined with pest control, before and after flowering, flowers 1 50% of the spraying Carbendazim WP 800 times +20% Fenvalerate 70% EC 3000 times or 800 times thiophanate-methyl WP 1500 times +4.5% cypermethrin. Spray in early June high of 10% water dispersible granule World 2000 times +20% fenpropathrin EC 2000 times, spraying in early July triacetate 90% aluminum phosphate WP 600 times, in late July to early August 1000 times 70% thiophanate-methyl spray Tai Sang M 45 1000 + times, in late August to early September 1:1:180 Bordeaux mixture spraying. Bags of fruit and then promptly sprayed Abstract fosetyl aluminum 90% +50% Carbendazim 600 times 800 times.
